In Roman Britain, he was equated with Apollo. In ancient Celtic religion, Maponos or Maponus ("Great Son") is a god of youth known mainly in northern Britain but also in Gaul. His name is rarely directly attested in inscriptions, but his importance can be inferred from place names and ethnonyms, and his nature and attributes are deduced from the distinctive iconography of Gallo-Roman inscriptions to Mercury, who is widely believed to have been identified with Lugus, and from the quasi-mythological narratives involving his later cognates, Welsh Lleu Llaw Gyffes (Lleu of the Skillful Hand) and Irish Lugh Lámhfhada (Lugh of the Long Arm). Lugus was a deity of the Celtic pantheon. He was frequently worshipped in conjunction with Sirona, and sometimes with Mars and other deities. He was regularly identified with Apollo as Apollo Grannus. In the Celtic polytheism of classical antiquity, Grannus (also Granus, Mogounus, and Amarcolitanus) was a deity associated with spas, healing thermal and mineral springs, and the sun. Perhaps like Apollo, with whom he became identified in the Augustan History, Belenos was thought to ride the sun across the sky in a horse-drawn chariot.Įsus, Hesus, or Aisus was a Gaulish god known from two monumental statues and a line in Lucan's Bellum civile. He was associated with the horse (as shown by the clay horse figurine offerings at Belenos's Sainte-Sabine shrine in Burgundy) and also the wheel. Called the "Fair Shining One" (or "The Shining God"), he was one of the most ancient and most-widely worshiped Celtic deities and is associated with the ancient fire festival and modern Sabbat Beltane. A horned head was found near the shrine of Belatucadros at Netherby, Cumbria but can not be securely identified with the god.īelenus (also Belenos, Belinus, Bel, Beli Mawr) is a sun god from Celtic mythology and, in the 3rd century, the patron deity of the Italian city of Aquileia. Ross suggests that his name, and that of a similar local god, Cocidius, may be epithets for a common general type of Celtic horned god. His name never appears with a female consort and there is no certain extant representation of him. Altars dedicated to him were usually small, simple and plain, leading to the suggestion that this god was mainly worshipped by people of low social status. Dedications to Balatocadrus, Balatucadrus, Balaticaurus, Balatucairus, Baliticaurus, Belatucairus, Belatugagus, Belleticaurus, Blatucadrus and Blatucairus are generally accepted as variants of the most common of these forms Belatucadrus. The name is frequently translated as ‘fair shining one’ or ‘fair slayer’.īelatucadros is known from approximately 28 inscriptions in the vicinity of Hadrian's Wall. In five inscriptions he is called Mars Belatucadrus. In the Roman period he was identified with Mars and appears to have been worshipped by lower-ranked Roman soldiers as well as by Britons. The meaning of the name is still unknown but compare the Proto-Indo-European roots *aper- ‘behind, at the back’ and *āpero- ‘bank’ with the regular phonological developments in Celtic.Īrubianus or Arubinus was a Celtic god of the inscriptions in Southern Germany, and in Austria and Slovenia.īelatucadros or Belatucadrus, was a deity worshipped in Celtic northern Britain, particularly in Cumberland and Westmorland. While epigraphic evidence for Aernus is scarce, its concentration in a reduced territory in association with homogenous aspects of material culture indicates to Olivares a homogeneity in the cultural area of the Zoelae. Another inscription was also found in Castro de Avelãs, while yet another was found in Malta in Macedo de Cavaleiros, also in the District of Bragança. One inscription, found in Castro de Avelãs, Bragança, was dedicated by the ‘ordo Zoelarum,’ and this leads Tranoy and Roux to conclude that this god was probably the protector of the Zoelae. Around this area, a number of inscriptions to a god hailed by this name have been recorded. The use of this theonym was confined to worship in the vicinity of Bragança. Aernus was a theonym used for a god in the Celtiberian pantheon.
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